(Quick Reference)

createCriteria

目的
Purpose

Creates and returns an instance of Grails' api:grails.orm.HibernateCriteriaBuilder that can be used to construct criteria queries.

使用例
Examples

def c = Account.createCriteria()
def results = c.list {
    like("holderFirstName", "Fred%")
    and {
        between("balance", 500, 1000)
        eq("branch", "London")
    }
    maxResults(10)
    order("holderLastName", "desc")
}

To use pagination you would have to make another query to retrieve the total number of matching results. A better way is to pass the pagination values as arguments to the criteria method as shown below:

def c = Account.createCriteria()
def results = c.list (max: 10, offset: 10) {
    like("holderFirstName", "Fred%")
    and {
        between("balance", 500, 1000)
        eq("branch", "London")
    }
    order("holderLastName", "desc")
}

Because that query includes pagination parameters (max and offset), this will return a api:grails.orm.PagedResultList which has a getTotalCount() method to return the total number of matching records for pagination. Two queries are still run, but they are run for you and the results and total count are combined in the PagedResultList.

println "Rendering ${results.size()} Accounts of ${results.totalCount}"

詳細
Description

Criteria queries are a type-safe, advanced way to query that uses a Groovy builder to construct potentially complex queries. It is a much better alternative to using a StringBuilder to dynamically construct an HQL query. Refer to the user guide section on Criteria for usage instructions.

Method reference:

MethodDescription
listThe default method; returns all matching rows.
getReturns a unique result, i.e. just one row. The criteria has to be formed that way, that it only queries one row. This method is not to be confused with a limit to just the first row.
scrollReturns a scrollable result set
listDistinctIf subqueries or associations are used, one may end up with the same row multiple times in the result set. In Hibernate one would do a "CriteriaSpecification.DISTINCT_ROOT_ENTITY". In Grails one can do it by just using this method.

The listDistinct() method does not work well with the pagination options maxResult and firstResult. If you need distinct results with pagination, we currently recommend that you use HQL. You can find out more information from this blog post.

If you invoke the builder with no method name

c { … }

the list() method will be invoked automatically. In other words, it's the equivalent of

c.list { … }

Below is a node reference for each criterion method:

NodeDescriptionExample
betweenWhere the property value is between two distinct values
between("balance", 500, 1000)
eqWhere a property equals a particular value.
eq("branch", "London")
eq (case-insensitive)A version of eq that supports an optional 3rd Map parameter to specify that the query be case-insensitive.
eq("branch", "london", [ignoreCase: true])
eqPropertyWhere one property must equal another
eqProperty("lastTx", "firstTx")
gtWhere a property is greater than a particular value
gt("balance",1000)
gtPropertyWhere a one property must be greater than another
gtProperty("balance", "overdraft")
geWhere a property is greater than or equal to a particular value
ge("balance", 1000)
gePropertyWhere a one property must be greater than or equal to another
geProperty("balance", "overdraft")
idEqWhere an objects id equals the specified value
idEq(1)
ilikeA case-insensitive 'like' expression
ilike("holderFirstName", "Steph%")
inWhere a property is contained within the specified list of values. Can also be chained with the not method where a property is not contained within the specified list of values. Note: 'in' is a Groovy reserve word, so it must be escaped by quotes.
'in'("age",[18..65]) or not {'in'("age",[18..65])}
isEmptyWhere a collection property is empty
isEmpty("transactions")
isNotEmptyWhere a collection property is not empty
isNotEmpty("transactions")
isNullWhere a property is null
isNull("holderGender")
isNotNullWhere a property is not null
isNotNull("holderGender")
ltWhere a property is less than a particular value
lt("balance", 1000)
ltPropertyWhere a one property must be less than another
ltProperty("balance", "overdraft")
leWhere a property is less than or equal to a particular value
le("balance", 1000)
lePropertyWhere a one property must be less than or equal to another
leProperty("balance", "overdraft")
likeEquivalent to SQL like expression
like("holderFirstName", "Steph%")
neWhere a property does not equal a particular value
ne("branch", "London")
nePropertyWhere one property does not equal another
neProperty("lastTx", "firstTx")
orderOrder the results by a particular property
order("holderLastName", "desc")
rlikeSimilar to like, but uses a regex. Only supported on Oracle and MySQL.
rlike("holderFirstName", /Steph.+/)
sizeEqWhere a collection property's size equals a particular value
sizeEq("transactions", 10)
sizeGtWhere a collection property's size is greater than a particular value
sizeGt("transactions", 10)
sizeGeWhere a collection property's size is greater than or equal to a particular value
sizeGe("transactions", 10)
sizeLtWhere a collection property's size is less than a particular value
sizeLt("transactions", 10)
sizeLeWhere a collection property's size is less than or equal to a particular value
sizeLe("transactions", 10)
sizeNeWhere a collection property's size is not equal to a particular value
sizeNe("transactions", 10)
sqlRestrictionUse arbitrary SQL to modify the resultset
sqlRestriction "char_length(first_name) = 4"

With dynamic finders, you have access to options such as max, sort, etc. These are available to criteria queries as well, but they have different names:

NameDescriptionExample
order(String, String)Specifies both the sort column (the first argument) and the sort order (either 'asc' or 'desc').
order "age", "desc"
firstResult(int)Specifies the offset for the results. A value of 0 will return all records up to the maximum specified.
firstResult 20
maxResults(int)Specifies the maximum number of records to return.
maxResults 10
cache(boolean)Indicates if the query should be cached (if the query cache is enabled).
cache true

Criteria also support the notion of projections. A projection is used to change the nature of the results. For example the following query uses a projection to count the number of distinct branch names that exist for each Account:

def c = Account.createCriteria()
def branchCount = c.get {
    projections {
        countDistinct "branch"
    }
}

The following table summarizes the different projections and what they do:

NameDescriptionExample
propertyReturns the given property in the returned results
property("firstName")
distinctReturns results using a single or collection of distinct property names
distinct("fn") or distinct(['fn', 'ln'])
avgReturns the average value of the given property
avg("age")
countReturns the count of the given property name
count("branch")
countDistinctReturns the count of the given property name for distinct rows
countDistinct("branch")
groupPropertyGroups the results by the given property
groupProperty("lastName")
maxReturns the maximum value of the given property
max("age")
minReturns the minimum value of the given property
min("age")
sumReturns the sum of the given property
sum("balance")
rowCountReturns count of the number of rows returned
rowCount()